Lightning connect adapter

ABSTRACT

Various embodiments concern custom adapters for platforms that enable synchronization with an external service. More specifically, the adapters can be used to read external data from a database associated with the external service, and then continually reference the external data in order to provide a live view of the external data. Thus, the custom adapters enable real-time, live data integration without data replication. The custom adapters also allow the external data to be dynamically mapped to data object(s) that are used to create the interface. Therefore, a user may be able to modify the external data using the interface and an interface associated with the external service.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This nonprovisional patent application is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/418,928, filed May 21, 2019 and titled, “CUSTOMLIGHTNING CONNECT ADAPTER FOR GOOGLE SHEETS WEB-BASED SPREADSHEETPROGRAM;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/148,928 is a continuationof U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 15/161,142, filed May 20, 2016, nowU.S. Pat. No. 10,303,675 and titled, “CUSTOM LIGHTNING CONNECT ADAPTERFOR GOOGLE SHEETS WEB-BASED SPREADSHEET PROGRAM;” all of which is hereinincorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

FIELD

Various embodiments relate generally to techniques for synchronizingdata in real time and, more specifically, to custom adapters forintegrating a platform and an external service.

BACKGROUND

Salesforce is a cloud computing company that offers various customerrelationship management (CRM) products and social enterprise (e.g.,social networking) solutions. Companies offering CRM services, such asSalesforce, can provide entities with an interface for case managementand task management, as well as a system for automatically routing andescalating important events. The Salesforce platform also enablesindividual customers to track their own cases. In some instances, theSalesforce platform includes a social networking add-on application(also referred to as a “plug-in”) that allows the Salesforce platform toread conversations on social networking websites, analyze emails, chatmessages, search engine queries, etc.

Force.com®, meanwhile, is a platform as a service (PaaS) that allowsdevelopers to create add-on applications that can be integrated into theSalesforce platform. Force.com® applications are hosted on thearchitecture of the Salesforce platform and are typically built usingApex, which is a proprietary Java-like programming language.

When developing an add-on application for the Salesforce platform, it isoften desirable to link to external services and external sources ofdata. For example, a developer may wish to integrate data that is storedin an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Data integration isparticularly important when the customer for whom the add-on applicationis being developed still uses data sources that are external to theSalesforce platform (e.g., on-premises storage or a cloud-based storageservice).

Traditionally, data has been exported to and imported from theseexternal sources. However, there is often significant lag between when auser modifies the data via a Salesforce interface and when themodification is reflected in the external source. Moreover, users aretypically required to manually invoke data synchronization. These issuescan cause significant problems, particular in fast-paced or multi-tenantenvironments where it is desirable to have the data be synchronized asclose to real time as possible.

SUMMARY

Systems and techniques for implementing custom adapters for theSalesforce platform are described herein. More specifically, customadapters for Lightning Connect can be implemented that allow aSalesforce platform to be synchronized with an external service.Lightning Connect (also referred to as “Salesforce Connect”) is afeature of the Salesforce platform that allows data objects used by theSalesforce platform to be mapped to data tables in external systems.Rather than copy external data from the external system to theSalesforce platform, the custom adapters for Lightning Connect canaccess and read external data maintained by the external service withoutreplicating the data.

The custom adapters can also dynamically map the external data to one ormore data objects that are used by the Salesforce platform to create aSalesforce interface. Moreover, the custom adapters can continuallyreference the external data so that the Salesforce interface can providea live view of the external data. Such a configuration allows users ofthe Salesforce interview to view changes that have been made to theexternal data (e.g., using an external service interface) in near realtime.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

One or more embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by wayof example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanyingdrawings, in which like references indicate similar elements.

FIG. 1 depicts the various modules of a Salesforce platform that can beused to create and/or support a Salesforce interface.

FIG. 2 depicts a high-level view of a network environment in which aLighting Connect adapter of a Salesforce platform interfaces with one ormore external source(s) of data.

FIG. 3 depicts how a custom adapter for Lightning Connect can be used toseamlessly integrate one or more databases associated with Google Sheetsand a Salesforce platform.

FIG. 4 illustrates how data from an external service, such as GoogleSheets, can be parsed and dynamically mapped to data objects that areused to create and/or populate a Salesforce interface.

FIG. 5 depicts a process for implementing a custom Lightning Connectadapter for a Salesforce platform.

FIG. 6 depicts a process for synchronizing a Salesforce interface and anexternal interface (e.g., a Google Sheets interface).

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a processing systemin which at least some operations described herein can be implemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Systems and techniques for implementing custom adapters for theSalesforce platform are described herein. More specifically, customadapters can be developed for Lighting Connect that allow a Salesforceplatform to be synchronized with an external service, such as the GoogleSheets™ web-based spreadsheet program (also referred to herein as“Google Spreadsheets” or simply “Google Sheets”). Google Sheets is aweb-based spreadsheet service that allows users to create and editspreadsheets online with collaborating with other users in real time.Google Sheets may be accessible as a web application, as an offlineapplication, and/or as a mobile application (e.g., for Android or iOS).The custom adapters can be used to read and write external data from adatabase associated with Google Sheets, and then continually referencethe external data in order to provide a live view of the external datafrom a Salesforce interface.

Note that the term “Salesforce interface” is intended to cover anyinterface that allows a user to access a Salesforce environment. Forexample, a “Salesforce interface” could be a customer portal associatedwith Salesforce itself, or an interface associated with an add-onapplication to the Salesforce platform (e.g., a FinancialForce portal).The Salesforce interface could also be accessed via a Salesforce mobileapplication, enabled by the Salesforce Lightning Experience, etc.

The custom adapters for Lightning Connect allow the external data to bedynamically mapped to data object(s) that are used within a programmingenvironment responsible for creating and/or supporting the Salesforceinterface. Rather than copy the external data to an internal database(i.e., a database associated with the Salesforce platform), the customadapters access and read/write the external data on demand and in realtime. Thus, the custom adapters enable real-time, live data integrationwithout data replication. Said another way, a user may be able to seemodifications made to the external data (e.g., via a Google Sheetsinterface or the Salesforce interface) without experiencing significantlag. The term “significant lag” refers to lag that is substantiallylikely to influence the workflow of the user and does not includenominal lag that occurs due to the distributed nature of the networkenvironment.

The custom adapters for Lightning Connect also allow multiple users tomodify the external data substantially simultaneously withoutexperiencing issues. For example, a first user could modify the externaldata via a Google Sheets interface, while a second user could modify theexternal data via a Salesforce interface. Both interfaces (i.e., theGoogle Sheets interface and the Salesforce interface) may be accessiblevia one or more of a web browser, mobile application, software program,or over-the-top (OTT) application. Accordingly, the interfaces may beaccessed using any appropriate network-accessible electronic device,such as a mobile phone, tablet, personal computer, game console (e.g.,Sony PlayStation or Microsoft Xbox), music player (e.g., Apple iPodTouch), wearable electronic device (e.g., a watch or fitness band),network-connected (“smart”) device (e.g., television), virtual/augmentedreality system (e.g., Oculus Rift or Microsoft Hololens), or some otherelectronic device.

Terminology

Brief definitions of terms, abbreviations, and phrases used throughoutthis application are given below.

Reference in this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment”means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic describedin connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodimentof the disclosure. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” invarious places in the specification are not necessarily all referring tothe same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodimentsnecessarily mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Moreover, variousfeatures are described that may be exhibited by some embodiments and notby others. Similarly, various requirements are described that may berequirements for some embodiments and not for others.

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout thedescription and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and thelike are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to anexclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of“including, but not limited to.” As used herein, the terms “connected,”“coupled,” or any variant thereof means any connection or coupling,either direct or indirect, between two or more elements; the coupling ofor connection between the elements can be physical, logical, or acombination thereof. For example, two components may be coupled directlyto one another or via one or more intermediary channels or components.As another example, devices may be coupled in such a way thatinformation can be passed there between, while not sharing any physicalconnection with one another. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,”“below,” and words of similar import shall refer to this specificationas a whole and not to any particular portions of this specification.Where the context permits, words in the Detailed Description using thesingular or plural number may also include the plural or singular numberrespectively. The word “or,” in reference to a list of two or moreitems, covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any ofthe items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combinationof the items in the list.

If the specification states a component or feature “may,” “can,”“could,” or “might” be included or have a characteristic, thatparticular component or feature is not required to be included or havethe characteristic.

The term “module” refers broadly to software, hardware, or firmwarecomponents. Modules are typically functional components that cangenerate useful data or other output using specified input(s). A modulemay or may not be self-contained. An application program (also called an“application”) may include one or more modules, or a module can includeone or more application programs.

The terminology used in the Detailed Description is intended to beinterpreted in its broadest reasonable manner, even though it is beingused in conjunction with certain examples. The terms used in thisspecification generally have their ordinary meanings in the art, withinthe context of the disclosure, and in the specific context where eachterm is used. For convenience, certain terms may be highlighted by usingcapitalization, italics, and/or quotation marks. The use of highlightinghas no influence on the scope and meaning of a term; the scope andmeaning of a term is the same, in the same context, whether or not it ishighlighted. It will be appreciated that an element or feature can bedescribed in more than one way.

Consequently, alternative language and synonyms may be used for some ofthe terms discussed herein, and special significance is not to be placedon whether or not a term is elaborated or discussed herein. Synonyms forcertain terms are provided. A recital of one or more synonyms does notexclude the use of other synonyms. The use of examples anywhere in thisspecification, including examples of any terms discussed herein, isintended to be illustrative only and is not intended to further limitthe scope and meaning of the disclosure or of any exemplified term.Likewise, the disclosure is not limited to the various embodiments givenin this specification.

System Overview

FIG. 1 depicts the various modules of a Salesforce platform 100 that canbe used to create and/or support a Salesforce interface 108. TheSalesforce platform 100 (which may also be referred to as a Salesforceenvironment or organization) can include a Lightning Connect adapter102, one or more data objects 104, and one or more tools 106. Together,these components can be used to create and support a Salesforceinterface 108 that is accessible to a user on an electronic device, suchas a mobile phone, tablet, or personal computer. Other components couldalso be included as part of the Salesforce platform 100. For example,the Salesforce platform 100 could also include one or more internaldatabases.

A Lightning Connect adapter 102 allows the Salesforce platform 100 toaccess and read/write data from an external service and seamlesslyintegrate the data that is stored outside of the Salesforce platform100. The Lightning Connect adapter 102 may access the external datawhile also continuing to access local data that is stored within theSalesforce platform 100. Oftentimes, the Lightning Connect adapter 102is designed and developed to interface with a particular externalservice, such as Google Sheets. In such embodiments, the LightningConnect adapter 102 can interface with the external service via one ormore application programming interfaces (APIs) associated with theexternal service.

More specifically, the Lightning Connect adapter 102 can create amapping of the external data to one or more data objects 104 used by theSalesforce platform 100. A “data object” can be a variable, datastructure, or function that is usable within the programming environmentof the Salesforce platform 100. The mapping enables the external data tobe accessed on demand and in real time, rather than be copied over tothe Salesforce platform 100. Thus, the Lightning Connect adapter 102 canvirtualize the external data into data object(s) 104, which are readilyusable by the Salesforce platform 100. Such a configuration ensures thatthe external data is never stale and that the Salesforce platform 100will access only the external data necessary for a particular task.

Although the external data is not stored locally by the Salesforceplatform 100, the Lightning Connect adapter 102 seamlessly interfacesand integrates with an external service, such as Google Sheets. The dataobject(s) 104 are available to tool(s) 106, such as global searchprograms, analytics reports, and record feeds. The data object(s) 104may also be available for use within an Apex-based programmingenvironment, Salesforce Object Search Language (SOSL) queries,Salesforce Object Query Language (SOQL) queries, APIs, and deploymentvia APIs, change sets, and packages. Apex is a proprietary Java-likeprogramming language that can be used to create add-on applications forthe Salesforce platform 100.

In some embodiments, the tool(s) 106 are responsible for creating and/orsupporting a Salesforce interface 108 that is accessible to a user viaan electronic device, such as a mobile phone, tablet, or personalcomputer. The Salesforce interface 108 could be used by a company forcase management and task management, as well as for automaticallyrouting and escalating important events. Alternatively, the Salesforceinterface 108 could be used by a customer to track the status ofindividual cases or projects.

As further described below, the Salesforce interface 108 may support anadditional functionality that is enabled by an add-on applicationexecuted by the Salesforce platform 100 within a programmingenvironment. For example, a financial management application may allow auser (e.g., a company or a customer) to track and organize informationrelated to accounting, billing, professional services automation (PSA),revenue recognition, human capital management (HCM), supply chainmanagement (SCM), etc.

Each add-on application may also be described as a cloud-based solutionthat is developed for Force.com® (i.e., the PaaS that allows developersto create multitenant add-on applications that integrate into the mainSalesforce platform 100). The add-on applications (also referred to as“Force applications” or “Salesforce applications”) are typically builtusing Apex (a proprietary Java-like programming language) and/orVisualforce (a component-based user interface framework that includes atag-based markup language similar to HTML).

FIG. 2 depicts a high-level view of a network environment in which aLighting Connect adapter 202 of a Salesforce platform 200 interfaceswith one or more external source(s) of data 208. The custom adapter forLightning Connect allows the Salesforce platform 200 to interact withexternal data via one or more data objects that are used within aprogramming environment 206. The Salesforce platform 200 shown in FIG. 2includes the Lightning Connect adapter 202, a formatting module 204, anda programming environment 206. Other embodiments of the Salesforceplatform 200 may include some, all, or none of these modules andcomponents, as well as other modules or components not shown here.Further yet, some embodiments may incorporate two or more of thesemodules into a single module and/or associate a portion of thefunctionality of one or more of these modules with a different module.

As noted above, the Lightning Connect adapter 202 can interface with theexternal data source(s) 208 so that external data can be integrated andused by the Salesforce platform 200. More specifically, the LightningConnect adapter 202 can be programmatically coupled to a databaseassociated with an external service (e.g., Google Sheets) via one ormore APIs. The Lightning Connect adapter 202 and the API(s) allow theexternal data to be readily accessed across a network 210, such as theInternet, Bluetooth, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network(WAN), a point-to-point dial-up connection, etc. Note, however, that insome embodiments only HTTPS is supported as an outbound call from theSalesforce platform 200 where the Lightning Connect adapter 202 resides.Traditionally, data objects used within the programming environment 206that are based on external data records (i.e., data records of anexternal service) have been read-only and could only be modified via aninterface associated with the external service. However, the LightningConnect adapter 202 makes the data objects writable, which means userscan create, modify, or delete external data records from a Salesforceinterface created by the Salesforce platform 200.

A formatting module 204, meanwhile, may be responsible for parsing theexternal data and formatting some or all of the external data so that itconforms to the specifications of the Salesforce platform 200. Forexample, the formatting module 204 could reformat or filter the externaldata before it is mapped to the data object(s) used within theprogramming environment 206. The programming environment 206 can includecode that is associated with an add-on application for the Salesforceplatform 200. The add-on application is typically responsible forenabling an additional functionality that is usable via a Salesforceinterface. Because the add-on application is normally developedspecifically for the Salesforce platform 200, the code within theprogramming environment 206 is generally written in Apex. However, otherprogramming languages could also be used.

Unlike conventional add-on applications for the Salesforce platform 200,the custom Lightning Connect adapter 202 and formatting module 204described herein eradicate the lag that typically encumbers datasynchronization and enable a user of a Salesforce interface toexperience real-time, live data integration without data replication.

FIG. 3 depicts how a custom adapter 302 for Lightning Connect can beused to seamlessly integrate one or more databases 308 associated withGoogle Sheets and a Salesforce platform. More specifically, FIG. 3illustrates the architecture needed to ensure that a Salesforceinterface 312 and a Google Sheets interface 314 are each able to providea live view of external data that is stored within the Google Sheetsdatabase(s) 308 and is synchronized across both services.

External data (e.g., data within the Google Sheets database(s) 308) isaccessed in real time by invoking an external service (e.g., GoogleSheets) directly from within the programming environment 306 of theSalesforce Platform 300. More specifically, a web service callout (e.g.,an Apex Callout) can invoke an external web service utilizing SimpleObject Access Protocol (SOAP-based) services or representational statetransfer (REST) services and Web Services Description Language (WSDL)files, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) services (e.g., via a RESTAPI).

For example, a call could initially be made to the Google Sheets API(also referred to as the “Google Spreadsheets API”) from within theprogramming environment 306 that causes external data to be read and/orfetched from the Google Sheets database(s) 308. Alternatively, a callcould be made to one or more other APIs that provide access to the rawdata managed by the Google Sheets service. For example, a call couldinstead be placed to the Apps Script Execution API that can be used toexpose the utility of any Google application. Calling the Google SheetsAPI causes a secure, stable connection to be established between theexternal service (here, Google Sheets via the Google Sheets API) and theSalesforce platform 300 (via the Lightning Connect adapter 302).

The Lightning Connect adapter 302 can then parse the external data inthe Google Sheets Database(s) 308. Generally, this is done withoutcopying the external data from the Google Sheets Database(s) 308.Consequently, the Salesforce platform 300 may perform live dataintegration without replicating the external data (and thus caneradicate the lag that typically accompanies such a resource-intensiveprocess). However, in some embodiments, the Lightning Connect adapter302 replicates some or all of the external data and stores thereplicated data within a local storage 310 that is accessible to theSalesforce platform 300.

A formatting module 304 may be responsible for formatting the externaldata to ensure that it conforms to the specifications of the Salesforceplatform 300. For example, the formatting module 304 could modify thedata structure of dates, times, monetary amounts, etc., so that theexternal data can be properly identified by the Salesforce platform 300.The formatting module 304 can also establish a lookup relationship bymapping the external data to one or more data objects used within theprogramming environment 306. In some embodiments, the mapping isdynamically performed based on the content of the external data asrecognized by the Lightning Connect adapter 302 and/or the formattingmodule 304. Thus, the mapping could be done cell-by-cell, rather thanbased on the row headers or the column headers of a spreadsheet.

After the external data has been mapped to the data object(s), theGoogle Sheets database(s) 308 and the programming environment 306 can becontinually queried to determine whether a change has been made to theexternal data via a Google Sheets interface 314 or a Salesforceinterface 316. Said another way, the external data can be continuouslyreferenced in order to provide a live view of the external data in theGoogle Sheets database(s) 308 regardless of which interface is used toview the external data.

This is particularly advantageous in scenarios where multiple users aremodifying the external data substantially simultaneously. For example, afirst user could modify the external data via the Google Sheetsinterface 314, while a second user is modifying the external data viathe Salesforce interface 312. The interface between the Google SheetsAPI and the custom adapter 302 for Lightning Connect enables the changesor edits to be viewed in real time across both environments.

Both interfaces (i.e., the Google Sheets interface 314 and theSalesforce interface 312) may be accessible via one or more of a webbrowser, mobile application, software program, or an OTT application.The data object(s) that are mapped to external data and backed by theLightning Connect adapter may also be available to Salesforce APIs thatcan be used by the Salesforce platform to query, update, etc. Thus,access may not be limited to user interface (UI) access. Accordingly,the interfaces may be accessed using any appropriate network-accessibleelectronic device, such as a mobile phone, tablet, personal computer,game console (e.g., Sony PlayStation or Microsoft Xbox), music player(e.g., Apple iPod Touch), wearable electronic device (e.g., a watch orfitness band), network-connected (“smart”) device (e.g., television),virtual/augmented reality system (e.g., Oculus Rift or MicrosoftHololens), or some other electronic device.

Note that in some embodiments the functionalities of multiple componentsdescribed herein may be combined into a single component. For example,the custom adapter for Lightning Connect may be configured to format theexternal data and dynamically map the external data to the dataobject(s). Similarly, the functionality of a single component could bedistributed amongst multiple sub-components that are not shown here.

FIG. 4 illustrates how data from an external service, such as GoogleSheets, can be parsed and dynamically mapped to data objects 404 a-ethat are used to create and/or populate a Salesforce interface 406.Oftentimes, users of the Salesforce interface 406 may store some or allof the data required by an add-on application (e.g., a financialmanagement application) within a spreadsheet 400. This may occur due tonumerous reasons. For example, a user may find that it is easier totrack and manage data within the spreadsheet 400 or the user may havetraditionally used spreadsheets to enter and store data.

The spreadsheet 400 (and, more specifically, the spreadsheet data withina database associated with the external service) can be accessed andread by a custom adapter for Lightning Connect that is usable by aSalesforce platform. The spreadsheet data can then be dynamically mappedto one or more data objects 404 a-e that are used within a programmingenvironment 402 that is responsible for creating and/or populating aSalesforce interface 406. Such a configuration enables the Salesforceplatform to provide a live view of the spreadsheet data through theSalesforce interface 406 and post updates to the spreadsheet data inreal time.

More specifically, the Salesforce platform can synchronously readspreadsheet data from one or more spreadsheets maintained by GoogleSheets. The spreadsheet data can be automatically parsed to identify thecontent of the spreadsheet. In some embodiments, the spreadsheet data isparsed cell-by-cell to identify the content within individual cells,rather than parsing the row headers or the column headers of thespreadsheet. Here, for example, the spreadsheet data within cells D2 andD4 include multiple types of information (i.e., monetary amounts anddates) that are mapped to different data objects. Mapping thespreadsheet data to the data object(s) 404 a-e allows the spreadsheetdata to be turned into graphs, reports, etc., that are posted to theSalesforce interface 406. Moreover, since the spreadsheet data is readlive by the custom adapter for Lightning Connect (typically incombination with at least one API, such as the Google Sheets API), thegraphs, reports, etc., are updated in near real time as spreadsheet datais changed in the corresponding spreadsheet.

FIG. 5 depicts a process 500 for implementing a custom Lightning Connectadapter for a Salesforce platform. A programming environment associatedwith an add-on application for a Salesforce platform is initiallyaccessed (e.g., by a developer or by a module of the add-on application)(step 501). The add-on application generally supports a newfunctionality that is usable by users of a Salesforce interface orimproves an existing functionality. The new or improved functionality isenabled by one or more data objects that are used within the programmingenvironment.

An API associated with an external service can be called from within theprogramming environment associated with the Salesforce platform (step502). For example, a Google Sheets API can be called using a customadapter for Lightning Connect that allows the Salesforce platform toreadily interface with the Google Sheets service. Calling the API allowsexternal data maintained by the external service to be accessed and readby the custom adapter for Lightning Connect without requiring theexternal data be copied into the programming environment. The externaldata can then be parsed by the Lightning Connect adapter after beingread (step 503).

In some embodiments, the parsed external data is automatically formattedto ensure that the parsed external data read from the external serviceconforms to specifications of the Salesforce platform (step 504). Theparsed external data could be formatted by the Lightning Connect adapteror a dedicated module (e.g., a formatting module of the Salesforceplatform). Formatting may require that the parsed external data bechanged into a particular format, be filtered to remove unnecessarydata, etc.

The Lightning Connect adapter can then establish a relationship betweenthe parsed external data and one or more data objects that are usedwithin the programming environment (step 505). More specifically, theparsed external data can be dynamically mapped to the data object(s)based on the content of the external data as determined by the parsing(step 506). In some embodiments, the parsed external data is dynamicallymapped to the data object(s) based on the content of individual cellswithin a spreadsheet. For example, the Lightning Connect adapter maydetermine that some cells contain multiple types of characters (e.g.,numerical characters and alphabetic characters) that convey differentinformation (e.g., monetary amounts received and dates the amounts werereceived). Oftentimes, it is preferable for the different types ofinformation to be dynamically mapped to distinct data objects usedwithin the programming environment.

The Lightning Connect adapter can then continually reference theexternal data and the data object(s) to synchronize the external serviceand the Salesforce platform (step 507). This enables the Salesforceinterface to provide a live view of external data that is stored withina database of the external service. For example, the Salesforceinterface may provide a live view of data within a Google Sheetsdatabase that is updated in real time. Said another way, the Salesforceinterface could be immediately updated (e.g., using metadata generatedby the Lightning Connect adapter responsive to determining a change wasmade to the external data) in response to a change being made to theexternal data via a Google Sheets interface. Similarly, the GoogleSheets interface could be immediately updated (e.g., based on metadatareceived from the Lightning Connect adapter) in response to a changebeing made to the external data via the Salesforce interface. A “change”to the spreadsheet could be a modification of an existing data record(e.g., a cell, row, or column within the spreadsheet), deletion of anexisting data record, or addition of a new data record.

FIG. 6 depicts a process 600 for synchronizing a Salesforce interfaceand an external interface (e.g., a Google Sheets interface). A customadapter for Lightning Connect within a programming environment initiallyreceives input indicative of a request to change an external data recordthat resides within a database of an external service (e.g., GoogleSheets) (step 601). More specifically, the request can include a commandto modify a data object that is used within the programming environment.The input corresponds to user input received at a Salesforce interfacepresented on the display of an electronic device (e.g., a mobile phone,tablet, or personal computer). The Salesforce interface may beaccessible via one or more of a web browser, mobile application,software program, or over-the-top (OTT) application. The “change,”meanwhile, could be a modification to an existing data record, thedeletion of an existing data record, or the addition of a new datarecord.

A mapping of the data object(s) to the external data records of theexternal service can then be analyzed (step 602). The mapping can beused to identify the external data record of the external service andthe corresponding data object that is used by a Salesforce platform(step 603). For example, a mapping of the data object(s) to a GoogleSheets database can be analyzed to identify the external data record(e.g., cell, column, or row of a spreadsheet) and corresponding dataobject that are to be changed based on the user input received at theSalesforce interface. In some embodiments, the mapping represents alookup relationship that is based at least in part on algorithmic logicthat considers the content of individual cells within a spreadsheetmaintained by the external service. The mapping could also includeunique identifier values for some or all of the external data recordsmaintained by the external service and some or all of the data object(s)used by the Salesforce platform.

Metadata indicative of the change made via the Salesforce interface canbe transmitted from the Salesforce platform to the external service(e.g., Google Sheets) (step 604). More specifically, the metadata can bepassed from the Salesforce platform to Google Sheets via a customadapter for Lightning Connect that is programmatically coupled to one ormore APIs (e.g., the Google Sheets API). Receipt of the metadata cancause the external service to update the external data record based onthe metadata and reflect the change requested by the user at theSalesforce interface (step 605).

These steps can be repeated each time a change is made by the user viathe Salesforce interface. Similarly, the Salesforce platform may beconfigured to receive metadata indicative of a change made to anexternal data record, identify the corresponding data object, and thenmodify the corresponding data object to reflect the change. For example,the Salesforce platform could receive metadata from Google Sheets (e.g.,via a Google Sheets API) that prompts the custom adapter for LightningConnect to make a change to a data object used by the Salesforceplatform, thereby reflecting the change made via a Google Sheetsinterface. Consequently, the external data records of the externalservice and the data object(s) of the Salesforce platform can beautomatically synchronized regardless of whether a change is made via anexternal service interface or a Salesforce interface.

Unless contrary to physical possibility, it is envisioned that the stepsdescribed above may be performed in various sequences and combinations.For instance, a user may choose to make changes to spreadsheet datausing a Google Sheets interface, a Salesforce interface, or both. Asanother example, multiple users could make changes to the spreadsheetdata substantially simultaneously using both the Google Sheets interfaceand the Salesforce interface (and thus metadata could be exchangedbetween the Salesforce platform and the Google Sheets servicesubstantially simultaneously). Additional steps could also be includedin some embodiments. For example, the Salesforce platform could createan index of changes made to the spreadsheet data using the Salesforceinterface, the Google Sheets interface, or both.

Processing System

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a processing system700 in which at least some operations described herein can beimplemented. The computing system may include one or more centralprocessing units (“processors”) 702, main memory 706, non-volatilememory 710, network adapter 712 (e.g., network interfaces), videodisplay 718, input/output devices 720, control device 722 (e.g.,keyboard and pointing devices), drive unit 724 including a storagemedium 726, and signal generation device 730 that are communicativelyconnected to a bus 716. The bus 716 is illustrated as an abstractionthat represents any one or more separate physical buses, point to pointconnections, or both connected by appropriate bridges, adapters, orcontrollers. The bus 716, therefore, can include, for example, a systembus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or PCI-Express bus, aHyperTransport or industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, a smallcomputer system interface (SCSI) bus, a universal serial bus (USB), IIC(I2C) bus, or an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE) standard 1394 bus, also called “Firewire.”

The processing system 700 may operate as part of a Salesforce platformor a user device that is used to access the Google Sheets interface 314or Salesforce interface 312 of FIG. 3. Alternatively, the processingsystem 700 could be connected (e.g., wired or wirelessly) to theSalesforce platform and/or the user device. In a networked deployment,the processing system 700 may operate in the capacity of a server or aclient machine in a client-server network environment, or as a peermachine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment.

The processing system 700 may be a server computer, a client computer, apersonal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a laptop computer, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, an iPhone®, an iPad®, aBlackberry®, a processor, a telephone, a web appliance, a networkrouter, switch or bridge, a console, a hand-held console, a gamingdevice, a music player, or any portable, device or any machine capableof executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) thatspecify actions to be taken by the processing system 700.

While the main memory 706, non-volatile memory 710, and storage medium726 (also called a “machine-readable medium”) are shown to be a singlemedium, the term “machine-readable medium” and “storage medium” shouldbe taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., acentralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches andservers) that store one or more sets of instructions 728. The term“machine-readable medium” and “storage medium” shall also be taken toinclude any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying aset of instructions for execution by the computing system and that causethe computing system to perform any one or more of the methodologies ofthe presently disclosed embodiments.

In general, the routines executed to implement the embodiments of thedisclosure, may be implemented as part of an operating system or aspecific application, component, program, object, module or sequence ofinstructions referred to as “computer programs.” The computer programstypically comprise one or more instructions (e.g., instructions 704,708, 728) set at various times in various memory and storage devices ina computer, and that, when read and executed by one or more processingunits or processors 702, cause the processing system 700 to performoperations to execute elements involving the various aspects of thedisclosure.

Moreover, while embodiments have been described in the context of fullyfunctioning computers and computer systems, those skilled in the artwill appreciate that the various embodiments are capable of beingdistributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that thedisclosure applies equally regardless of the particular type of machineor computer-readable media used to actually effect the distribution.

Further examples of machine-readable storage media, machine-readablemedia, or computer-readable (storage) media include, but are not limitedto, recordable type media such as volatile and non-volatile memorydevices 710, floppy and other removable disks, hard disk drives, opticaldisks (e.g., Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD ROMS), Digital VersatileDisks (DVDs)), and transmission type media, such as digital and analogcommunication links.

The network adapter 712 enables the processing system 700 to mediatedata in a network 714 with an entity that is external to the processingsystem 700 through any known and/or convenient communications protocolsupported by the processing system 700 and the external entity. Thenetwork adapter 712 can include one or more of a network adaptor card, awireless network interface card, a router, an access point, a wirelessrouter, a switch, a multilayer switch, a protocol converter, a gateway,a bridge, bridge router, a hub, a digital media receiver, and/or arepeater.

The network adapter 712 can include a firewall which can, in someembodiments, govern and/or manage permission to access/proxy data in acomputer network, and track varying levels of trust between differentmachines and/or applications. The firewall can be any number of moduleshaving any combination of hardware and/or software components able toenforce a predetermined set of access rights between a particular set ofmachines and applications, machines and machines, and/or applicationsand applications, for example, to regulate the flow of traffic andresource sharing between these varying entities. The firewall mayadditionally manage and/or have access to an access control list whichdetails permissions including for example, the access and operationrights of an object by an individual, a machine, and/or an application,and the circumstances under which the permission rights stand.

As indicated above, the techniques introduced here implemented by, forexample, programmable circuitry (e.g., one or more microprocessors),programmed with software and/or firmware, entirely in special-purposehardwired (i.e., non-programmable) circuitry, or in a combination orsuch forms. Special-purpose circuitry can be in the form of, forexample, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs),programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays(FPGAs), etc.

Remarks

The foregoing description of various embodiments has been provided forthe purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the claimed subject matter to the precise formsdisclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to oneskilled in the art. Embodiments were chosen and described in order tobest describe the principles of the invention and its practicalapplications, thereby enabling others skilled in the relevant art tounderstand the claimed subject matter, the various embodiments, and thevarious modifications that are suited to the particular usescontemplated.

Although the above Detailed Description describes certain embodimentsand the best mode contemplated, no matter how detailed the above appearsin text, the embodiments can be practiced in many ways. Details of thesystems and methods may vary considerably in their implementationdetails, while still being encompassed by the specification. As notedabove, particular terminology used when describing certain features oraspects of various embodiments should not be taken to imply that theterminology is being redefined herein to be restricted to any specificcharacteristics, features, or aspects of the invention with which thatterminology is associated. In general, the terms used in the followingclaims should not be construed to limit the invention to the specificembodiments disclosed in the specification, unless those terms areexplicitly defined herein. Accordingly, the actual scope of theinvention encompasses not only the disclosed embodiments, but also allequivalent ways of practicing or implementing the embodiments under theclaims.

The language used in the specification has been principally selected forreadability and instructional purposes, and it may not have beenselected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. Itis therefore intended that the scope of the invention be limited not bythis Detailed Description, but rather by any claims that issue on anapplication based hereon. Accordingly, the disclosure of variousembodiments is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of thescope of the embodiments, which is set forth in the following claims.

What is claimed:
 1. A system, comprising: a database configured to storea data object and a data structure; and a processor configured toreceive input indicative of a command to alter the data object used in aprogramming environment, to examine the data structure configured to mapthe data object to external data records of an external database, toformat the external data records to conform to one or more data formatsassociated with a platform associated with the programming environment,to parse the external data records to identify one or morespecifications associated with the platform, the external data recordsare parsed by calling an application program interface associated withthe external database within the programming environment, wherein theexternal data records are parsed without copying the external datarecords to an internal database of the platform, to map the externaldata records according to the one or more specifications after theformatting and the parsing are performed, the external data recordsbeing mapped to the data object in the one or more data formats andaccording to the one or more specifications associated with theplatform, to identify, based on the examining, a record of the externaldata records corresponding to the data object, to transmit metadataindicative of the command to the application programming interface,wherein receipt of the metadata causes the external database toformulate an instruction, the execution of which causes the identifieddata record to be altered, and to synchronize the external data recordsbased on changes made to the data objects in real time without requiringan explicit synchronization request.
 2. The system of claim 1, whereinthe calling causes the external data records to be read from anotherdatabase.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is furtherconfigured to format, based on the parsing, the external data records toensure that the external data records read from the another databaseconform to a specification of the programming environment.
 4. The systemof claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to create thedata structure by mapping the external data records to the data objectsused in the programming environment.
 5. The system of claim 1, whereinthe processor is further configured to reference the external datarecords of the external database and the data objects in the programmingenvironment on a continual basis, enabling a given record of theexternal data records in another database to be updated in near realtime when a change is made to a corresponding data object of the one ormore data objects, and a given data object of the one or more dataobjects in the programming environment to be updated in near real timewhen a change is made to a corresponding external record of the externaldata records.
 6. A system, comprising: a data structure configured toperform an operation on a data object; and a lightning connect adapterconfigured to transfer data with a programming environment associatedwith an application development platform, to examine a data structurethat maps an external data record from a database to the data object, toformat the external data record to ensure that the external data recordconforms to a data format associated with the application developmentplatform, to parse the external records to identify a specification, theexternal data record being parsed by calling an application programinterface associated with the database within the programmingenvironment, wherein the external data records are parsed withoutcopying the external data record to an internal database of theplatform, to establish a lookup relationship by mapping the externaldata record to the data objects in the programming environment afterformatting and parsing are performed, the external data record beingmapped to the data object in the data format and according to thespecification, and to reference the external data record in the databaseand the data object in the programming environment on a continual basisto enable a given record of the external data record in the database tobe updated in near real time when a change is made to a correspondingdata object in the programming environment to be updated in near realtime when a change is made to a corresponding external record of theexternal data record, wherein metadata indicative of a commandassociated with the change is transmitted to the application programminginterface to cause the database to update the given record without anexplicit synchronization request.
 7. The system of claim 6, whereinlogic in the programming environment is implemented using an Apexprogramming language.
 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the lightningconnect adapter is further configured to perform a reading operation. 9.The system of claim 6, wherein the lightning connect adapter is furtherconfigured to perform a reading operation to analyze the external datarecords to determine content of each cell of a spreadsheet that isrepresented by the external data records.
 10. The system of claim 9,wherein the lookup relationship is dynamically updated based on thecontent determined to be in each cell of the spreadsheet.
 11. The systemof claim 6, wherein the lightning connect adapter is further configuredto present a live view of the external data records residing in thedatabase.
 12. The system of claim 6, wherein the lightning connectadapter further comprises algorithmic logic that evaluates content ofeach cell of a spreadsheet that is represented by the external datarecord.
 13. The system of claim 6, wherein the change associated withthe external data record comprises creation of a new data record. 14.The system of claim 6, wherein the change associated with the externaldata record comprises modification of an existing data record.
 15. Thesystem of claim 6, wherein the change associated with the external datarecord comprises deletion of an existing data record.
 16. A system,comprising: a data structure configured to perform an operation on adata object; and a processor configured to receive input indicative of acommand to alter the data object used in a programming environment, toexamine the data structure configured to map the data object to anexternal data record of an external database, to format the externaldata record to conform to a data format associated with a platformassociated with the programming environment, to parse the external datarecord to identify a specification associated with the platform, theexternal data record being parsed by calling an application programinterface associated with the external database within the programmingenvironment, wherein the external data record is parsed without copyingthe external data record to an internal database associated with theplatform, to map the external data record to the specification after theformatting and the parsing are performed, the external data record beingmapped to the data object in the data format and according to thespecification, to identify, based on the examining, a record of theexternal data record corresponding to the data object, to transmitmetadata indicative of a command to the application programminginterface, wherein receipt of the metadata causes the external databaseto formulate an instruction, the execution of which causes the record tobe modified, and to synchronize the external data record based on achange made to the data object without requiring an explicitsynchronization request.
 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the callingcauses the external data records to be read from another database. 18.The system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured toformat, based on the parsing, the external data records to ensure thatthe external data records read from the Google Sheets database conformsto a specification of the programming environment.
 19. The system ofclaim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to create the datastructure by mapping the external data records to the data objects usedin the programming environment.
 20. The system of claim 14, wherein theprocessor is further configured to reference the external data recordsof the external database and the data objects in the programmingenvironment on a continual basis, enabling a given record of theexternal data records in a Google Sheets database to be updated in nearreal time when a change is made to a corresponding data object of theone or more data objects via a Salesforce interface, and a given dataobject of the one or more data objects in the programming environment tobe updated in near real time when a change is made to a correspondingexternal record of the external data records via a Google Sheetsinterface.